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settling basin
A settling basin, settling pond or decant pond is an earthen or concrete structure using sedimentation to remove settleable matter and turbidity from wastewater. The basins are used to control water pollution in diverse industries such as agriculture,〔Sunnyside Valley Irrigation District. Sunnyside, WA. ("Settling Basins." ) Accessed 2009-10-02.〕 aquaculture,〔Western Regional Aquaculture Center, University of Washington. Seattle, WA (2001). ("Settling Basin Design." ) WRAC Publication No. 106.〕 and mining.〔Government of British Columbia. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Products. Victoria, BC (2002). ("Settling Pond." ) (''Aggregate Operators Best Management Practices Handbook for British Columbia.'' ) Chapter 7: Best Management Practices. April 2002.〕〔U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Seattle, WA (2003). ("EPA and Hardrock Mining: A Source Book for Industry in the Northwest and Alaska. Appendix E: Wastewater Treatment." ) January 2003.〕 Turbidity is an optical property of water caused by scattering of light by material suspended in that water. Although turbidity often varies directly with weight or volumetric measurements of settleable matter, correlation is complicated by variations in size, shape, refractive index, and specific gravity of suspended matter.〔Franson, Mary Ann ''Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater'' 14th edition (1975) APHA, AWWA & WPCF ISBN 0-87553-078-8 p.131〕 Settling ponds may be ineffective at reducing turbidity caused by small particles with specific gravity low enough to be suspended by Brownian motion.〔Goldman, Jackson & Bursztynsky p.8.16〕
==Range of Applications==
Settling basins are used as a separation mechanism to eliminate rejected products (i.e. waste solids management strategies) of a specified size and quantity in various fields, such as aquaculture, mining, dairy, food processing, alcohol production and wine making. Regular draining and desilting of settling basins is required to maintain satisfactory performance.〔Western Regional Aquaculture Center, University of Washington. Seattle, WA (2001). "Settling Basin Design." WRAC Publication No. 106.〕
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